<p>Mount Pelly or Pelly Mountain  is an esker in Kitikmeot, Nunavut. It is located in the Canadian North on Victoria Island within the Ovayok Territorial Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area around Ovayok has long been used by Inuit as a hunting area and there are over 120 archaeological sites on the esker. These include pirujaq (storage cache), campsites and a grave. The oddest find was a stack of loon bones that had been "cut at every joint". This find, which the local elders indicated was something they had never seen and must have happened before their grandparents were alive, fitted in with an Inuit legend. The legend indicated that people in the area were starving and they were saved only when a skilled hunter killed a loon. To feed all the people the bones had to be broken at the joints so all could be fed.</p><br>
<h2>Modern history</h2><br>
<p>The esker was given its English name by Thomas Simpson and Peter Warren Dease in 1839 to honour Sir John Henry Pelly, governor of the Hudson&#39;s Bay Company. Simpson and Dease had travelled from Great Bear Lake, down the Coppermine River, to Back River. In 1850-51 John Rae, while searching the south coast of Victoria Island for clues to the lost expedition of John Franklin, climbed to the top of Mount Pelly.</p><br>
<h2>Traditional belief</h2><br>
<p>Behind Mount Pelly are two more eskers called Inuuhuktu (Baby Pelly) and Amaaqtuq (Lady Pelly). Inuit legend says that the three hills are a family of starving giants. They were crossing Victoria Island looking for food and the father, Ovayok, died first. Next the son, Inuuhuktu (English; "son"), died and was followed by the mother, Amaaqtuq (English; "packing baby", see amauti), who was carrying her baby.</p><br>
<p>The Historic Park Inn Hotel and City National Bank are two adjacent commercial buildings located in downtown Mason City, Iowa which were designed in the Prairie School style by the renowned architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Completed in 1910, the Park Inn Hotel is the last remaining Frank Lloyd Wright designed hotel in the world, of the six for which he was the architect of record. The City National Bank is one of only two remaining Frank Lloyd Wright-designed banks in the world. It was the first Frank Lloyd Wright designed project in the state of Iowa, and today carries both major architectural and historical significance. In 1999, the Park Inn Hotel was named on the Iowa Historic Preservation Alliance&#39;s Most Endangered Properties List.</p><br>
<p>The Park Inn Hotel was the third hotel designed by Wright and served as the prototype for Midway Gardens in Chicago and the Imperial Hotel, Tokyo, which was torn down in 1968.</p><br>
<p>In 1907, when law partners James E. Blythe and J. E. E. Markley were looking for an architect to compete in quality with the eight-story bank building that would be built across the corner, they didn’t hesitate to give the commission to Frank Lloyd Wright, a young architect who was building a reputation in the Chicago area. For them Wright would build a complex, multi-purpose building that would give them multiple income streams. Their law offices would be on the second floor of the buildings narrower central waist and the hotels east wing, surrounded on the south by a two-story banking room with rental office space above. On the north would be a 42-room hotel, with basement shops beneath the Bank and Hotel. Wright managed to pack all these functions into an aesthetically well-integrated building that architecturally would be the bridge between Wright&#39;s Prairie School period and his Midway Gardens and the Imperial Hotel to follow.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Wright’s drawings of the bank and hotel are dated from as early as December 17, 1908. Construction was begun on the first of April 1909, with supervision by Wright until his departure for Europe in late October of that year. At that time William Drummond from Wright’s Oak Park Studio in Oak Park, Illinois, took over the supervision of its construction and designed a nearby Prairie style home during his visits. The law office of developer-owners Blythe and Markley was open for business on August 29, 1910, with the gala opening of the entire structure September 10 of that year. Wright returned to the Midwest from his year in Europe in October 1910.</p><br>
<p>Unfortunately for the Historic Park Inn Hotel, a new 250-room hotel with all the latest amenities was constructed in Mason City in 1922, creating stiff competition for the Park Inn Hotel. In addition, the farm crisis led to the closing of the City National Bank, which was merged into another local bank. By 1925, four of the five banks in Mason City had failed. In 1926, the City National Bank building was sold separately and underwent an unsympathetic remodeling into a new commercial use in that year. The upper floors of the Park Inn Hotel were eventually subdivided into rental apartments and over time the unique Prairie School design elements such as stained glass skylights, fixtures, furniture and woodwork were removed or lost. For the next several decades, the Park Inn experienced a gradual decline that ended with its closure in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Renovation</h2><br>
<p>The Park Inn Hotel received a complete interior and exterior renovation thanks to numerous grants, as well as coordination at the local level. This included a comprehensive restoration of the brick and terra-cotta façade, replacement of the art glass skylight windows, and a complete interior reconstruction.</p><br>
<p>Wright on the Park, Inc., the organization overseeing the work, purchased the adjacent City Bank Building and reunited the Park Inn Hotel with the City National Bank. The bank building was refitted with an elevator and provides six additional rooms for the hotel; the old bank lobby is now a hotel ballroom.</p><br>
<p>The restoration was completed in September 2011. It builds on Mason City’s rich architectural heritage, which includes a history deep in Prairie School architecture from not just Wright, but many of his associates who built in Mason City, including Walter Burley Griffin, Marion Mahony Griffin, William Eugene Drummond and Francis Barry Byrne.</p><br>
<p>Anna Maria Island, sometimes called Anna Maria Key, is a barrier island on the coast of Manatee County, Florida, in the United States. Named after Anna Maria Ceravolo, it is bounded on the west by the Gulf of Mexico, on the south by Longboat Pass , on the east by Anna Maria Sound, and on the north by Tampa Bay. Anna Maria Island is approximately seven miles long north to south. Anna Maria Island is at latitude 27.513N, longitude -82.719W.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Anna Maria Island was discovered by the local Timucan and Caloosan Native American tribes and, later, by Spanish explorers (including Hernando de Soto) in the name of the Spanish Crown. Hernando de Soto and his crew entered the mouth of Tampa Bay, north of Anna Maria Island, in May 1539, passing the island by to make their landfall on the mainland.</p><br>
<p>Anna Maria Island was first settled in the beginning of the twentieth century by Tampa Mayor Madison Post who then named the island for his wife Maria and his sister-in-law Anna. As Cuban fishermen were the first visitors to the island at the southern mouth of Tampa Bay, the settlement was very soon dominated by nautical types.</p><br>
<p>In 1892, George Emerson Bean became the first permanent resident on the Island, homesteading much of what is now the City of Anna Maria. After Beans death in 1898, the lands ownership transferred to his son, George Wilhelm Bean, who partnered with Charles Roser, a wealthy real estate developer from St. Petersburg, to form the Anna Maria Beach Company in order to develop the area. The company laid out streets, built sidewalks and houses, and installed a water system.</p><br>
<p>The first bridge that was built to connect Anna Maria Island to mainland Florida began construction in the summer of 1921. A heavy storm wiped out half the bridge, but construction was able to continue. The bridge was finished as scheduled in 1922. It crossed the bay to what now is Bridge Street in Bradenton Beach to the fishing town of Cortez. More people then began to visit the island, which caught the interest of several businessmen.</p><br>
<p>Nearly a century later, Anna Maria Island has become one of the most popular locations in Florida, visited by both locals and tourists. Its wildlife and nature has attracted many scholars of different sciences such as biology, and marine biology.</p><br>
<h2>Name origin</h2><br>
<p>Legend states that "a Spanish explorer" named the place "Ana Maria Cay" in honor of the Virgin Mary and her mother, Ann.</p><br>
<p>A common myth reported that Ponce de Leon (died 1521) named the island for Maria Anna von der Pfalz-Neuburg (born 1667), the queen of Charles II of Spain (born 1661), the "sponsor of his expedition"!</p><br>
<p>In the past, pronunciation of the name differed: old timers said "Anna Mar-EYE-a," but most people today say "Anna Mar-EE-a.".</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>From May through October in Florida, sea turtles come ashore to nest.</p><br>
<p>The island is a bird sanctuary. There are pelicans, multiple types of cranes, herons, feral parrots, sandpipers, osprey, hawks, vultures, seagulls, crows, and a nesting pair of bald eagles. Bottlenose dolphins are in the Intracoastal Waterway, the Gulf, and Bimini Bay.</p><br>
<p>There are roseate spoonbills, snowy egrets, and wood storks. Marine animals include redfish, snapper, mackerel, black drum, snook, trout, and amberjack.</p><br>
<h3>Adjacent islands</h3><br>
<p>Adjacent to Anna Maria Island&#39;s bayside is the island of Key Royale, formerly known as School Key. It was uninhabited until 1960, when a bridge was built joining it to the Holmes Beach section of Anna Maria Island and development began. It is included in the city limits of Holmes Beach. Longboat Key lies at the very southern edge of the island, connected by the Gulf Drive drawbridge. Just to the east of the drawbridge lies Jewfish Key.</p><br>
<h3>Municipalities</h3><br>
<p>Anna Maria Island today is divided into the three cities of Anna Maria in the north, Holmes Beach in the middle, and Bradenton Beach in the south. In 2005 the United States Census Bureau estimated the combined population of the three cities at approximately 8,500.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>The main north-south road on the island is Gulf Drive, which begins on the south end of the island at the foot of the Longboat Pass Bridge from Longboat Key. Gulf Drive is the only road that runs the entire length of the island. It is State Road 789 south of Manatee Avenue in Holmes Beach and County Road 789 north of there.</p><br>
<p>There are two bridges across from the mainland: the Cortez Bridge, which brings State Road 684 into Bradenton Beach from Cortez, and the Manatee Avenue Bridge, which brings State Road 64 into Holmes Beach from the Palma Sola section of Bradenton.</p><br>
<p>Anna Maria Island is served by a free trolley-style bus that runs north and south on Gulf Drive. The trolley connects with both the MCAT (Manatee County Area Transit) system serving the greater Bradenton area, and the SCAT (Sarasota County Area Transit) system. The MCAT connects to the trolley at Manatee Public Beach, at the intersection of State Road 789 and State Road 64. The SCAT connects to the trolley at Coquina Beach, at the south end of Anna Maria Island, just before the Longboat Key Bridge. Several local taxi companies serve Anna Maria Island.</p><br>
<p>Anna Maria Island was only accessible by boat until 1921, when the wooden Cortez Bridge was constructed from the fishing village of Cortez to what is now Bridge Street in Bradenton Beach. The remaining parts of the Cortez Bridge are used as a fishing pier.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<h3>Tourism</h3><br>
<p>Since 2002, tourism development has been targeted as a key economic goal by island, county and state officials and millions of tax dollars have been invested to draw visitors to the island with national and international advertising and publicity efforts. This success has not been without its downsides of congested traffic, noise, litter and parking complaints during peak tourist seasons. This influx of visitors has prompted developers to shift many of the original 1950s- and &#39;60-era houses into large multi-family rental units, a subject of local controversy.</p><br>
<h2>In media</h2><br>
<p>In 1938 Siam Garden Resort began a fish camp and in 1948, MGM brought Esther Williams, Peter Lawford, Ricardo Montalban, Jimmy Durante, Cyd Charisse, and Xavier Cugat to Anna Maria Island to film “On an Island with You." In the plot "a beautiful movie star travels to Hawaii and finds romance in this South Seas musical.” Anna Maria Island is featured in the Florida Band Shinedown&#39;s video for "Second Chance".</p><br>
<p>Anna Maria Island is the setting for the 2016 comedy/drama, Monty Comes Back, written and directed by Bradenton native, Thomas John Nudi.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Fred Hutchinson, former Major League baseball pitcher and manager.Jack Spoto Plant manager for PVSC and UBNJ Hall of Fame Member</p><br>
<p>Biały Słoń  is a Polish name for an abandoned campus of the former Polish Astronomical and Meteorological Observatory, located at remote area on the peak of Pip Ivan in the Chornohora range of the Carpathian Mountains, Ukraine. It is the highest built residential structure in Ukraine.</p><br>
<p>The closest settlement today is a village of Zelena in Verkhovyna Raion (Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast). Currently the observatory is classified under the registration number three as a monument of cultural heritage that is not considered for privatization.</p><br>
<p>The region was part of the Second Polish Republic when the observatory was established during the interbellum period. Biały Słoń, started in 1937 and completed in the summer of 1938, was the highest-elevated, permanently inhabited, building in Poland.</p><br>
<p>Since 2012 there are taking place a restoration work on initiative of the Ciscarpathian National University and the Warsaw University that is scheduled to be finished in 2018.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>According to Wladyslaw Midowicz, the first and only director of the observatory, the construction of "Biały Słoń" was suggested by a group of influential Warsaw astronomers who managed to convince General Leon Berbecki, director of the influential Airborne and Antigas Defence League, to support it. General Tadeusz Kasprzycki, minister of military affairs, also backed the construction of the observatory.</p><br>
<p>Construction of this impressive building began in the summer of 1936 with an official ceremony for the placing of the cornerstone. Biały Słoń was a very expensive structure with total costs exceeding one million Polish złoty, a huge burden for the state budget of the time. Its walls were made of local sandstone, and due to lack of roads all material was carried to the site by local workers, Hutsuls, their horses and soldiers of the 49th Hutsul Rifle Regiment.</p><br>
<p>The design was based on the Przemyśl castle and shaped like a letter "L" with a tower. "Biały Słoń" was five-story high, with 43 rooms and 57 windows. The upper floors were occupied by astronomers and meteorologists, most of whom worked for the State Meteorological Institute and Astronomical Observatory of the Warsaw University. Their work was to carry out meteorological observations for the Polish Air Force. In the lower levels, there were lodgings of soldiers of the "Karpaty" Regiment of the Border Defence Corps, with headquarters in Stryj. Altogether, the number of inhabitants never exceeded 20. Among those who worked there were professor Wlodzimierz Zonn, doctor Jan Gadomski, and professor Eugeniusz Rybka.</p><br>
<h2>July 1938&ndash;September 1939</h2><br>
<p>The opening ceremony of the building took place on July 29, 1938. Its official name was the "Observatory of the State Meteorological Institute", but soon it took on the nickname "Biały Słoń", due to the color of its walls. The observatory was lavishly equipped, with a custom-made astrograph and refracting telescope made by the renowned British company Grubb Parsons of Newcastle upon Tyne. It had its own power plant with two Diesel motor-generators and central heating fueled by oil, which was transported in iron barrels from the "Polmin" company in Borysław. The military authorities also installed their own equipment, including two radiotelephone prototypes constructed to withstand high altitude.</p><br>
<p>The observatory was located in a remote, deserted area, with the nearest store and mail office 12 mi away (at Żabie), the nearest doctor 30 mi away, and a rail station in Kolomyia as far as 80 mi away. Władysław Midowicz wrote that the staff&#39;s main problem, however, was water, as no waterworks had been constructed and it had to be carried from a stream 4 mi away.</p><br>
<p>For fourteen months (July 1938-September 1939) the Observatory was the highest-elevated, permanently inhabited, building of interbellum Poland. As entry was permitted only with a special military pass, local Hutsuls made up several legends about the building and its inhabitants. Wladyslaw Midowicz wrote that the Hutsuls thought that the Observatory was in fact a mighty cannon, capable of attacking neighboring countries.</p><br>
<h2>1939 and its aftermath</h2><br>
<p>On September 18, 1939, following the Soviet aggression on eastern part of Poland (see: Kresy), the personnel of the Observatory packed the most important equipment (including the refractor) and left toward the Hungarian border.</p><br>
<p>At the end of the month, the Red Army captured the building and used it as its meteorological station. In the summer of 1941 (see: Operation Barbarossa), the Observatory was seized by the Wehrmacht, which in turn was passed to the Hungarian troops, who were stationed there until winter 1941. After that, the deserted building became a ruin, even though it had not been damaged during the war, the locals reused all remaining material.</p><br>
<p>In mid-1990s scientists of the Lviv Polytechnic, led by professor Anatoliy Dultsev, together with their colleagues from Warsaw Polytechnic, brought forward the idea of rebuilding of the Observatory. In October 1996 a special conference took place in Lviv and Yaremche, but according to atomnet.pl from May 1997 no works have been started. On January 24, 2002 another Scientific council took place in Yaremche to renew the rebuilding project of the observatory. In the beginning of October 2002 the head of the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast administration Mykhailo Vyshyvaniuk sent an official letter to the President of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma about the project. By the end of November of the same year Vyshyvaniuk received an answer from the First Deputy of the President administration Valeriy Khoroshkovskiy stating that the proposition was reviewed and recognized as one for the international discussion for the restoration. In that regard the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was given the required orders. Some works have begun in September 2012, window openings have been sealed with bricks.</p><br>
<p>Joskes Thumb is a precipitous volcanic plug that rises in the skyline to the west of Suva, Fiji. It is located 15 kilometers west of Suva and its base is accessible from Naikorokoro Road, which connects Naikorokoro Village to Queens Road. Other sources note that Naikorokoro Road, the road toward Joskes Thumb, intersects on the north side of Queens Road, 0.8 km west of the Lami Bay Hotel outside Lami.</p><br>
<p>Sir Edmund Hillary, the mountaineer made famous for being the first climber (with his Sherpa guide Tenzing Norgay) confirmed as having reached the summit of Mount Everest in Nepal, was defeated in his first attempts to reach the peak of Fijis Joskes Thumb. Sir Hillary was conscripted into the Royal New Zealand Air Force during World War II. He served as a navigator aboard Catalina flying boats in New Zealands No. 5 Squadron based at the flying boat base in the Suva Point neighborhood, currently the location of the University of the South Pacifics Lower Campus. He made two attempts to climb Joskes Thumb, the first of which ended before reaching the base of the mountain, due to heavy undergrowth. In his autobiography, Sir Hillary wrote about his second attempt to climb Joskes Thumb while stationed in Suva: "We had come up the wrong side — underneath the ball of The Thumb.... Bitterly disappointed at being rebuffed I was much too conscious of the 400 foot drop below me to take any more risks — and I hadnt much confidence in our length of clothes line. The Thumb had beaten us again." In 1983, 30 years after his successful Everest expedition, he reached the summit of Joskes Thumb along with several members of the Fiji Rucksack Club.</p><br>
<p>The peak takes its name from Paul Joske, one of Suvas pioneer settlers, who came with the Australian-based Polynesia Company in 1870. Joske and his son, Adolf Brewster-Joske, later known as Adolf Brewster Brewster, established Fijis first sugar mill, importing machinery and beginning the countrys sugar industry. The mill, which operated between 1873 and 1875, was on the site where Fijis Parliament Building currently stands. The mill ultimately failed, owing to the poor crop from shallow soil in the Suva area. Later in life, Paul Joske devoted much of his time to designing and establishing Suva as Fiji&#39;s new capital.</p><br>
<p>Prior to Paul Joskes arrival in Fiji, the mountain was known as "Rama" and Devils Thumb, because "the locals say looks like a man trying to claw his way out of hell." When Paul Joske committed suicide after allegations of incest, his descendants changed their names to Brewster, Joskes wifes maiden name, but the Devils Thumb was commemorated with Joskes name, due to his demise.</p><br>
<p>Today, the mountain and the area around Joskes Thumb are known as a habitat for many species of birds. Among the species that live near Joskes Thumb are many birds that are endemic to Fiji, including the masked shining parrot, the giant forest honeyeater, and the pink-billed parrotfinch, although parrotfinch sightings have declined significantly since the area was logged in the early 1980s. Joskes Thumb is also a historical nesting site for Falco peregrinus nesiotes, Fijis endemic peregrine falcon.</p><br>
<p>Along with the Grand Pacific Hotel in Suva, Joskes Thumb is featured on the reverse side of the 2007 and 2012 series of Fijis ten dollar bill.</p><br>
<p>Courthouse and Lawyers&#39; Row is a National Historic Landmark District in the center of Clinton, Louisiana. Encompassing the East Feliciana Parish Courthouse and a series of law office buildings on the north side of Woodville Road, it represents a unique assemblage of law-related high quality Greek Revival buildings. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Clinton, Louisiana has been the parish seat of East Feliciana Parish since its establishment in 1824. The parish courthouse is centrally located, occupying a city block bounded by St. Helena, Bank, Liberty, and Woodville Streets. It is a handsome Greek Revival brick building, with white plaster walls and an octagonal cupola atop its hip roof. The entire building is encircled by Doric colonnade. It was built in 1840 to a design by J.S. Savage.</p><br>
<p>Across Woodville Street from the courthouse are arrayed five single-story Greek Revival buildings, all of which have historically house law offices. Four of the five were also built in the 1840s, resulting in a distinctive collection of law-related Greek Revival buildings. The fifth law office was built in 1860, and is also Greek Revival despite the style having passed out of fashion by then. The block is framed by a private residence on the left and a two-story brick building, formerly a Masonic lodge, on the right. The law offices and the lodge all have columned porticos, four columns for the single-unit builtings, and seven for the wider buildings that have two offices.</p><br>
<p>The Church Street East Historic District is a historic district in the city of Mobile, Alabama, United States. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on 16 December 1971. Since a boundary increase on 13 January 1984, it is roughly bounded by Broad, Conti, Water, Claiborne, and Canal Streets. 20 April 2005 saw the further addition of 66 & 68 Royal Street to the district. The district covers 1,403 acre and contains 83 contributing buildings and one object. It contains portions of Mobile&#39;s 19th century downtown area and features government, museum, commercial, and residential structures in a variety of 19th-century styles. The buildings range in age from the 1820s to 1900 and include the Federal, Greek Revival, Renaissance Revival, Italianate, and various other Victorian architectural styles. Notable buildings include the Government Street Presbyterian Church, Barton Academy, and the Ketchum House.</p><br>
<p>Examples of architecture found within the Church Street East Historic District:</p><br>
<p>The Old Dauphin Way Historic District is a historic district in the city of Mobile, Alabama, United States. It was named for Dauphin Way, now known as Dauphin Street, which bisects the center of the district from east to west. The district is roughly bounded by Broad Street on the east, Springhill Avenue on the north, Government Street on the south, and Houston Avenue on the west. Covering 766 acre and containing 1466 contributing buildings, Old Dauphin Way is the largest historic district in Mobile.</p><br>
<p>Although most of the district contains working-class frame houses, large and ornate mansions are found along the main thoroughfares. The contributing buildings range in age from the mid-19th to the early 20th century. Architectural styles include Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and American Foursquare.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Old Dauphin Way District is situated on portions of what was once the Price and Espejo tracts, early Spanish land grants to the west of colonial Mobile. The area began to first be developed during the 1830s and 1840s. This early development mostly comprised residential estates along the roads leading from downtown to the village of Spring Hill. These included Spring Hill Road (now Spring Hill Avenue), Spring Hill Shell Road (now Old Shell Road), and Dauphin Way (now Dauphin Street). The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 30, 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Ashland Place Historic District is a historic district in the city of Mobile, Alabama, United States. The neighborhood gained its name from a Greek Revival antebellum house called Ashland that once stood on Lanier Avenue. Ashland was famous as the home of Augusta Evans Wilson. The house burned in 1926. The Ashland Place Historic District was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 23, 1987. It is roughly bounded by Spring Hill Avenue, Ryan Avenue, Old Shell Road, and Levert Avenue. The district covers 400 acre and contains 93 contributing buildings. The majority of the buildings date to the early 20th century and cover a variety of historical architectural styles ranging from late Victorian to the Craftsman styles.</p><br>
<p>Fort Sanders was a wooden fort constructed in 1866 on the Laramie Plains in southern Wyoming, near the city of Laramie. Originally named Fort John Buford, it was renamed Fort Sanders after General William P. Sanders who died at the Siege of Knoxville during the American Civil War. This was the second fort to be named after Sanders, the first being in Knoxville, Tennessee. The fort was originally intended to protect travelers on the nearby Overland Trail from Indian attacks, but later the garrison was tasked with protecting the workers of the Union Pacific railroad when it arrived in the spring of 1868. In 1869 the town of Laramie  was created about 3 mi north of the fort. Fort Sanders became less important following the construction of Fort D. A. Russell in Cheyenne in 1868, but the War Department maintained it until 1882 when the buildings were sold.</p><br>
<h2>Layout</h2><br>
<p>The fort grounds were 223 ft by 400 ft, including a parade ground. The post was originally built for four companies, but was later expanded to accommodate six. Nearly all of the buildings were constructed of wood except for the stone guardhouse, which was built in 1869 and remains the only structure standing today. At least two additional buildings from the fort were moved to other locations in Laramie and survive today. The post Commander&#39;s quarters were moved to LaBonte Park and have been used as community center and pre-school for decades. Another building became the Cavalrymen Supper Club.</p><br>
<p>The James H. Dillard House is a historic house at 571 Audubon Street in New Orleans, Louisiana. Built in the 19th century, it was from 1894 to 1913 the residence of James H. Dillard , a leading white educator of African-Americans across the American South during a period of difficult race relations. It was declared a National Historic Landmark on December 2, 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The house is located in the Black Pearl neighborhood of New Orleans, on the east side of Audubon Street between St. Charles Avenue and Dominican Street. It is a roughly cruciform single-story wood frame structure, with a main hip-roofed central section, from which other elements project to the front and rear. The front projection is gable-roofed, with a four-column neoclassical portico. The houses construction date is not known, but it has not had substantial alterations since the turn of the 20th century, the period of Dillards ownership.</p><br>
<p>James H. Dillard was a Virginia native who was educated as a lawyer, but chose to work as a teacher and school administrator. In 1891, he was appointed professor of Latin at Tulane University, and moved to New Orleans. He quickly rose in prominence in both academic and civic circles, and was invited run for mayor. He forged relations with both white and African-American academic communities during this period, when race relations were particularly difficult. By 1905, he was serving as a trustee of a number of African-American colleges, and in 1908 took over leadership of the Negro Rural School Fund. Dillard University is named in his honor.</p><br>
<p>Evergreen Plantation is a plantation located on Louisiana Highway 18 near Wallace, Louisiana. The main house was constructed mostly in 1790, renovated to its current Greek Revival style in 1832, and the plantation&#39;s historical crop was sugarcane. It was an operating plantation up until about 1930, when the Depression brought about the abandonment of the house. However, it continued to produce sugar cane under the direction of the bank that owned it, and is still a working sugar cane plantation today. It was extensively restored during the 1940s, with 300,000 bricks from the demolished Uncle Sam Plantation used in the restoration.</p><br>
<p>The plantation includes 37 contributing buildings, all but eight of them antebellum, making it one of the most complete plantation complexes in the state and the South. Of great significance are the 22 slave quarters, arranged in a double row along an allée of oak trees.</p><br>
<p>Among the outbuildings are a garconnière, where young bachelors of the family or guests could stay; a pigeonnier for keeping pigeons (a sign of status among the planters); an overseer&#39;s cottage; and late 19th century barns.</p><br>
<p>Because of its quality and significance, the plantation is included among the first 26 featured sites on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail, and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1992 for its rich architectural legacy. The house is open for tours every day except Sundays; tour times are at 9:30 am, 11:30 am, and 2:00 pm.</p><br>
<p>Parts of Quentin Tarantino&#39;s Django Unchained (2012) were filmed at this plantation.</p><br>
<p>Fort De La Boulaye Site, also known as Fort Mississippi, is the site of a fort built by the French in 1699&ndash;1700, to support their claim of the Mississippi River and valley. Native Americans forced the French to vacate the fort by 1707.</p><br>
<p>The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960, as part of the history of French colonization of the area. The state of Louisiana had earlier erected an historical marker, with the following text:</p><br>
<p>FORT de la BOULAYE First white settlement in present-day Louisiana, erected by Bienville in 1699 on this spot (then the bank of the Mississippi), prevented Britain&#39;s seizure of the Mississippi Valley.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1698, Pierre Le Moyne d&#39;Iberville, and his brothers, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville and Antoine Le Moyne de Châteauguay, participated in an expedition to rediscover the mouth of the Mississippi River. It could be difficult to find among the many competing bayous and waterways.</p><br>
<p>In 1699, they founded Fort Mississippi on a ridge a little more than one kilometer from the shore of the river, on the east bank, and about twenty kilometers south of the future city of New Orleans. The fort was completed in 1700. It was built in stockade wood and defended by six guns, in order to protect the region from attacks and incursions by the English and Spanish. The fort was renamed Fort de la Boulaye and was commanded by Louis Juchereau de St. Denis.</p><br>
<p>In 1707, the Caddoan tribe, hostile to the presence of encroaching soldiers, forced them to abandon the fort and to go to the French settlement of Biloxi. Only the officer Juchereau de St. Denis, friend of the Caddo, was permitted to continue living in the fort. Garrisons of French troops occasionally visited the site. In 1714, Juchereau de St. Denis was assigned to lead a new expedition, with the objective of defending the western boundaries of Louisiana (New France). He established Fort des Natchitoches.</p><br>
<p>By the middle of the 18th century Fort de la Boulaye was abandoned. Tropical storms eventually destroyed this fort.</p><br>
<p>In the 20th century archaeologists conducted surveys and located the site of fort; they found remnants of palisade and building logs, burned poles, and evidence of a cannonball. The site has been designated a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The lost village of Church Charwelton lies south-east of the village of Charwelton in the English county of Northamptonshire. Its site is on the north-east bank of the River Cherwell. The Jurassic Way long-distance footpath passes across the site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It has been supposed that Church Charwelton was deserted in the 15th century at the time of the Wars of the Roses but in fact it is far more likely that the settlements depopulation was due to enclosure and the introduction of sheep. The land was purchased by Thomas Andrews in 1417 and by the year 1547 records show that Thomas Andrew’s grandson, also Thomas, kept 1,200 sheep on the site of the settlement. Another part was owned by the Knightley family of Fawsley who also kept 300 sheep on the land. It is recorded that the whole site had been abandoned by 1847. The parish church of Charwelton still stands in the vicinity of the lost settlement and is isolated from todays village of Charwelton.</p><br>
<h2>The Site</h2><br>
<p>The earthwork remains can be seen to the south and south-east side of the parish church. The most noticeable feature is a hollow way that runs from north to south from the river Cherwell up to the west of the church. On either side of this hollow way can be made out closes but most have been damaged by later agricultural activities. At the north end of the hollow way the definite site of a dwelling can be made out. There are also several remains of medieval ponds which can be distinguished around the site.</p><br>
<p>St. Anne&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic church at 29 Church Street in Calais, Maine. Built in 1853, it is a locally distinctive example of Carpenter Gothic architecture, and is the only known statewide work of architect James Renwick, Jr. The church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is a member of the Episcopal Diocese of Maine; its pastor is the Rev. Dr. Jennifer M. Reece.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>St. Anne&#39;s is located in central Calais, at the northern corner of Church and Washington Streets. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a gable roof, board-and-batten siding, and a granite foundation. Its front facade, facing Church Street, has a buttressed four-stage tower to the right of the gable, and a smaller two-stage tower with open belfry on the left. The right tower houses the main entrance on the first level, a narrow lancet window on the second, the main belfry with louvered lancet openings on the third, and a large clock on the fourth; it is topped by a low jigsawn balustrade with corner pinnacles. The main gable, which has a stepped front, has a four-part stained-glass window with tracery at its center.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1853 to a design by James Renwick, Jr. Best known for St. Patrick&#39;s Cathedral, New York (built 1858-73), Renwick was in 1853 overseeing construction of the Smithsonian Institution Building. This church is his only known Maine commission.</p><br>
<p>Pitcher Mountain is a 2,153 feet  monadnock located in southwest New Hampshire. The mountain is traversed by the 50 mile  Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway and offers 360 degree views from its open summit. Lower elevations are wooded with species of the northern hardwood forest type; small stands of coniferous red spruce cling to the upper slopes. A fire tower stands on the summit and a beef livestock farm occupies the east shoulder of the mountain. Pitcher Mountain is part of an extensive area of heath barrens and blueberry fields that continue north over Hubbard Hill and Jackson Hill.</p><br>
<p>The east and north sides of Pitcher Mountain drain into the Beards Brook watershed, then into the Contoocook River, then the Merrimack River and the Atlantic Ocean. The west and south sides drain into Robinson Brook, thence Otter Brook, "The Branch", the Ashuelot River, then the Connecticut River and Long Island Sound.</p><br>
<p>Lake Solitude is a highland tarn located in western New Hampshire, United States, at the top of Sunapee Ridge between the main summit of Mount Sunapee and South Peak. The lake, covering 6 acre, is approximately 832 ft long by 383 ft wide and is located within Mount Sunapee State Park in the town of Newbury. A popular hiking destination, Lake Solitude is accessible via the Andrew Brook Trail, the Newbury Trail, or the long-distance Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway Trail. White Ledge, elevation 2,720 ft, rises steeply above the lake&#39;s west shore and provides expansive views. The lake is considered an important habitat for rare species and is off limits to swimmers and dogs.</p><br>
<p>Lake Solitude drains into Andrew Brook, thence into Todd Lake, the Warner River, the Contoocook River, then into the Merrimack River and the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<p>The lake is classified as a coldwater fishery, with observed species including brook trout.</p><br>
<p>Anarchist Mountain is a mountain in British Columbia, Canada, which rises 1,491 m above sea level. It is located east of the town of Osoyoos, very near the US border leading to Grand Forks. The term is used primarily to refer to the rural district around the summit and its communities, and also to the Crowsnest Highway with its long climb up the mountainside from the floor of the Okanagan Valley at Osoyoos, just below.</p><br>
<p>The name was officially adopted 6 June 1922 to refer to the plateau between Osoyoos, the town of Rock Creek, and the town of Sidley. Anarchist Mountain and Sidley were both named after Richard G. Sidley, a settler from Ontario who arrived in 1885, was appointed the first postmaster of Sidley in 1895, and was later made Justice of the Peace and Customs Officer. Sidleys political views were unusual for his time; he was often called an anarchist, and this plateau became known locally as "the anarchists mountain".</p><br>
<p>Before Sidley, English speaking settlers called this summit Larch Tree Hill.</p><br>
<p>On July 16, 2003 a wildfire was sparked scorching 1,230 hectares along the mountain. Two structures were lost in the fire. It was believed to have originated from a car driving on the highway with faulty brakes.</p><br>
<p>St. Alphonsus Church  is a historic former church building at 2029 Constance Street in New Orleans, Louisiana. Completed in 1857, it is one of the few surviving national examples of a richly multi-colored church interior predating the 1870s, and a high quality example of ecclesiastical Italianate architecture It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1996 for its architectural significance. It is now home to the St. Alphonsus Art and Cultural Center.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former St. Alphonsus Church is located in New Orleans&#39; Irish Channel neighborhood, on the north side of Constance Street, between St. Andrew and Josephine Streets. It has a complex and richly-decorated symmetrical façade, with a central entrance area flanked by two square towers topped by crosses. The façade is ornamented with pilasters, corbelled brick panels, and niches in which statues are mounted. The interior is also richly ornamented and has a coved plaster ceiling which have been painted with artwork by Dominique Canova. Its stained glass windows are Bavarian in origin, coming from F. X. Zettler. The floors are covered in mosaic tile.</p><br>
<p>Completed in 1857, St. Alphonsus served as a Roman Catholic church for the Irish Catholic community of the Lower Garden District section of the city. (Other churches nearby served the Francophone and Germanic Catholic communities, including St. Mary&#39;s Assumption Church, the church built across the street for the German Catholic community). After church parishes were merged, St. Alphonsus was closed in 1979. In the 1980s it was taken over by a local community group and now serves a community center.</p><br>
<p>The Shrine of St. Joseph is a Catholic church in St. Louis, Missouri in Columbus Square. The church began in 1843 when the Jesuits founded the parish to serve the residential community consisting mostly of German immigrants. The church is the site of the only authenticated miracle in the Midwestern United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>1846–1866</h3><br>
<p>After founding the parish in 1843, the Jesuits immediately instituted to build a church. Mrs. Ann Biddle a wealthy widow, known for her many philanthropic deeds, donated the land for the new church. The cornerstone for the new church was blessed by Bishop Kenrick on April 14, 1844. The completed building was a modest building faced west toward 11th Street was dedicated on the first Sunday in August, 1846 with Father James Van de Velde, later Bishop of Chicago, officiating.</p><br>
<p>Soon St. Joseph parish was a very active community. In 1862 a large parish school was built nearby, to care for the many children of the area. The School Sisters of Notre Dame staffed the school.</p><br>
<h3>1866–1880</h3><br>
<p>Just at this time a Jesuit missionary, Father Francis Xavier Weninger, came to St. Joseph&#39;s to preach.</p><br>
<p>Over the years the parish grew, it became obvious that the original church was no longer large enough to serve the congregation. It was decided to build a large addition to the old building and to revise the structure so that the entrance faced on Biddle Street. Bishop Kenrick laid the cornerstone for this second St. Joseph in 1865.</p><br>
<p>Bueschers of Chicago, famous for their religious art work, were employed to carve an elaborate altar, which is designed as a replica of the Altar of St. Ignatius in the Jesuit Gesu Church in Rome, except that the figure of St. Joseph and the Christ Child are substituted for the figure of St. Ignatius. Beneath the central figures appear the words: "Ite ad Joseph" Go to Joseph.</p><br>
<p>Known as "The Altar of Answered Prayers" because of its origin, this beautiful work can still be seen at St. Joseph&#39;s Shrine, where it serves as the central altar. It was installed early in 1867, at a total cost of $6,131. The grateful parishioners raised the additional funds above their original pledge in recognition of their deliverance from the cholera epidemic.</p><br>
<p>The primary remolding was completed in 1866. Father Pierre Jean De Smet, noted missionary to the Indians, officiated at the dedication services on December 30, 1866.</p><br>
<h3>1880–1954</h3><br>
<p>In 1880 the church was once again enlarged and remodeled. This work, which included the addition of an elaborate Romanesque face and twin towers surmounted with delicate cupolas, was completed in 1881.</p><br>
<p>Further alterations had to be made in 1954, under the supervision of the shrine&#39;s pastor, Father Anthony Corey. At this time, for reasons of safety, the beautiful original towers were shortened, and the cupolas replaced by heavier, hexagonal caps, thus considerably altering the exterior of the building, and detracting form its former beauty. This was after the Jesuits left the parish and was staffed by priest of the Archdiocese.</p><br>
<p>While owned by the Archdiocese of St. Louis the now Shrine of St. Joseph is leased to The Friends of The Shrine of St. Joseph, Inc. a not for profit 503(c)(3) corporation. All donations are tax deductible to the extent allowable by law.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>The church continued to flourish until after World War II. As the neighborhood began to decline, and parishioners were moving to the newer suburbs, attendance at Mass fell greatly. The church fell into a state of disrepair. The roof leaked, birds had occupied the belfries where droppings were feet deep. Water stained the paintings and the underlying plaster became cracked. For reasons not understood, many of the beautiful objects had been covered in gray paint, including the Stations of the Cross and the ornate carved pulpit.</p><br>
<p>Because of the dwindling parish and the extensive damage to the building, the Archdiocese had planned to tear it down.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the elderly pastor, Father Edward Filipiak, refused to retire saying, “If I leave, they will close it. I would die for this church.” Three men broke into the rectory seeking the collection money and murdered Filipiak. A small group of men were then determined to try to save the church. Slowly they raised money from donations. At the cost of hundreds of thousands of dollars and many man-hours, the church was fully restored. It is considered one of the most beautiful churches in St. Louis.</p><br>
<p>It is not a parish in the ordinary sense. While the building remains the property of the St. Louis Archdiocese, the operation and maintenance of the church are by The Friends of the Shrine of St. Joseph, a 501.c.3 non-profit organization. Masses are celebrated each Sunday and on First Fridays of each month.</p><br>
<h2>Devotions</h2><br>
<p>Novena to St. Joseph</p><br>
<p>After the 11 a.m. Mass nine weeks before the feast of St. Joseph.(March 19)</p><br>
<p>The Rosary is recited before 11:00 a.m. Sunday Mass.</p><br>
<p>After Sunday Mass, a relic of St. Peter Claver, a bone chip, is displayed for veneration. It is in a reliquary in the form of a cross.</p><br>
<p>Lake Ralphine is a reservoir in Howarth Memorial Park in the city of Santa Rosa, in the USA state of California.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing</h2><br>
<p>The California Department of Fish and Wildlife stocks the lake annually with trout of catchable size. Other fishes found in the lake include bass, bluegill, and catfish.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lake is formed by an earthen dam which dates back to 1882. It was built by Colonel Mark Lindsay McDonald and named after his wife. In 1947 it was purchased by the City of Santa Rosa.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The lake is encircled by trails (Eagle Scout Trail and Old Fisherman&#39;s Trail) which connect to the Howarth Park parking lot off of Summerfield Road. Horses and motorized vehicles are not allowed on these trails.</p><br>
<p>In season, kayaks, paddle boats, canoes, rowboats, and sailboats are available for rent, and there is a launch ramp for private boats.</p><br>
<p>Avas or Avantas  is a village in the southern part of the Evros regional unit, Greece. Avantas is located 10 km north of Alexandroupoli. It is on the Greek National Road 53 , between Alexandroupoli to the south and Aisymi to the north. In 2011 its population was 527.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village was founded by the Ottoman Turks. Its inhabitants were 3/4 Bulgarian and 1/4 Turkish before the Balkan Wars and the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922). According to professor Lyubomir Miletich, the 1912 population contained 320 Bulgarian families. Refugees from east of the Evros river and from Asia Minor arrived into the village. Its name was changed from the Turkish Dervent to the current Avas.</p><br>
<h2>People</h2><br>
<p>Mitro Karabeljata, Revolutionary leader and strategist of Tane Nikolov</p><br>
<p>The Hamilton College Chapel, on the campus of Hamilton College in Clinton, NY, was completed in 1827. The façade was designed by architect Philip Hooker, notable for his many designs of public buildings in Albany, NY, as well as for designing Hyde Hall in Springfield Center, NY. The conservative Federal style of the chapel is characteristic of Hooker’s work. The distinctive three story main body and interior design are credited to John H. Lothrop, a Hamilton College trustee. The design includes three bays on the eastern façade and eight bays of double hung windows along the north and south faces of the building. The mellow orange of the stone body of the chapel is Oriskany stone, while the corner quoins are of Trenton limestone. The Oriskany stone was quarried and laid by Reuben Wilcox of Whitestown, NY. The interior carpentry was done by Deacon Isaac Williams, of Clinton, NY. The tower of the eastern façade of the building is topped by a white, octagonal cupola. The quill weathervane atop the cupola is representative of Hamilton College’s commitment to teaching students to write effectively.</p><br>
<p>The chapel was originally designed as classrooms and offices, as well as the chapel proper. Spaces in the building have been used for many purposes. Until 1872 the college library was housed in increasing portions of the top floor the chapel. From 1830-1855 the chemistry lab was lodged in the cellar. Commencement exercises were held in the chapel from 1898-1946. Currently, as well as for religious services, the chapel is used for public lectures, concerts and assemblies.</p><br>
<p>Many changes have been made to the building. In 1877 the three faced clock still in evidence today was donated by John Wanamaker, of Philadelphia. In 1893, the steeple was restored. The current bell was installed in 1902, and electrified in 1950. Electricity was installed in the building in 1907, and fire fighting equipment in 1916. In 1949, the interior was remodeled. More recently, in 1999 the third floor office and meeting space was renovated.</p><br>
<p>The Schenley Farms Historic District, also referred to as the Schenley Farms–Oakland Civic District, is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places that is located in the Oakland section of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.</p><br>
<p>It comprises two separately designated City of Pittsburgh historic districts: the Oakland Civic Center Historic District consisting of publicly and privately owned institutional buildings, and the adjacent Schenley Farms Historic District consisting mainly of a planned residential development of the early 20th Century. The Schenley Farms Historic District is roughly bounded by Forbes Avenue including the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh on the south; South Dithridge and North Bellefield on the east, extending to include St. Paul&#39;s Cathedral and Rectory on Fifth Avenue and North Craig Street; Bigelow Boulevard, Andover Road, and Bryn Mawr Road on the northwest; and Thackeray Street through to Fifth Avenue on the southwest.</p><br>
<p>Noted for its late 19th And 20th Century Revivals architecture, it is home to a large portion of the campus of the University of Pittsburgh. The district comprises 154 contributing buildings, 31 of which are cultural or institutional buildings and 123 of which are residences in the northwest portion of the district. The historic district is a noted example of community planning and development following the City Beautiful movement that guided city planning and urban design in the United States from the mid-1890s through the first decade of the 20th century. The City Beautiful movement favored boulevards, parks, and formal civic buildings in the beaux-arts style.</p><br>
<p>In 1905, Franklin Nicola put forth a development plan in the City Beautiful style for Oakland, which included civic, social, residential, and educational zones along Bigelow Boulevard which ran through the heart of the neighborhood. The proposal centered on a series of monumental buildings created in styles evoking ancient Greece and the Italian Renaissance. Although Nicolas plan was not fully implemented, including a never-constructed Oakland town hall, it produced such landmarks as the Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall, the Masonic Temple (now the University of Pittsburghs Alumni Hall), and the Pittsburgh Athletic Association.</p><br>
<p>Other major landmark buildings were added to the historic district after the pursuit of Nicola&#39;s designs had ended, including the landmark Cathedral of Learning and Heinz Memorial Chapel of the University of Pittsburgh and Mellon Institute. Contributing buildings in the historic district date from 1880 to 1979. A contributing building, the University Place Office Building, was razed in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Book References</h2><br>
<p>Chato Volcano, sometimes called "Cerro Chato" , is an inactive volcano in north-western Costa Rica north-west of San José, in the province of Alajuela, canton of San Carlos, and district of La Fortuna. It is southeast of the nearby Arenal Volcano</p><br>
<p>It is believed Cerro Chato first erupted 38,000 years ago during the Pleistocene period and last erupted about 3,500 years ago. One of the lava flows is now the route for La Fortuna Waterfall. The hill has two peaks, named Chatito (little Chato) and Espina (Thorn). A crater about 500 m wide is filled with green water, making the Laguna Cerro Chato.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking</h2><br>
<p>It is possible to hike the Cerro Chato up to and inside the crater, but it is considered a difficult hike and only recommended for hikers of good physical condition. There are two possible routes, one beginning from near the La Fortuna Waterfall and one from The Arenal Observatory Lodge & Spa on the west slope. It is possible to ascend on one side and descend on the other, but this makes for a longer hike. When it rains, the path becomes muddy and can make it even more treacherous, especially when descending into the crater itself. Due to certain minerals in the water, swimming is not recommended, but many locals swim in it regardless. The water is fairly cool.</p><br>
<p>The hike to the crater is decently long (taking approximately 4 hours with a guide) and very steep. It begins in lower farmlands with few trees, but quickly ascends to a much steeper climb through the thick rain forest. The ascent from the Observatory Lodge has a good view over the town of La Fortuna.</p><br>
<p>While guided tours are available, individuals can pay $10 per person at either entrance and hike without a guide.</p><br>
<p>Boxwood Hall State Historic Site, 1073 East Jersey street, Elizabeth, New Jersey is a five bay middle-Georgian wooden structure with a tripartite Palladian window. In its original configuration ca. 1750 the house had two wings bringing the number of rooms to eighteen. The main block is a classic four over four center hall construction.</p><br>
<p>The property has had many owners and uses in its 250 plus years. Originally it was built by Samuel Woodruff, a merchant and onetime mayor of Elizabethtown. After Woodruff&#39;s death in 1768 it passed to his son, but was eventually sold at public auction to Elias Boudinot in 1772. Boudinot lived here with his wife Hannah Stockton Boudinot and their two daughters and also offered shelter to the teen aged Alexander Hamilton who was studying at the Elizabethtown Academy. The Boudinots remained in the house until the outbreak of the Revolution, when for safety reasons Hannah moved to a family property in Basking Ridge, NJ, and Elias assumed his duties as Commissary General for the Continental armies. It is currently not known how the house was used during the war. In 1783 the Boudinots returned to their mansion and remained there until they sold it in 1795 to Jonathan Dayton, then a Congressman.</p><br>
<p>Jonathan Dayton and his wife Susan, son Elias Jonathan and daughter Hannah moved into the house in 1795. Soon after Dayton redecorated the front two rooms on the main floor; installing an Adamesque mantelpiece in the East parlor and a Federal mantelpiece in the West parlor. The financial reversal that was caused by his association with Aaron Burr and by extension with the Burr Conspiracy, forced Dayton to sell the mansion to his son in law Dr Oliver Hetfield Spencer with life-rights for the remainder of his and Susan&#39;s lives.</p><br>
<h2>Modern status</h2><br>
<p>The museum is owned and operated by the State of New Jersey and overseen by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Parks and Forests.</p><br>
<p>Boxwood Hall was an important place of interest for the "Young Immigrant Hamilton Tour" led by the Alexander Hamilton Awareness Society, as part of the 2014 CelebrateHAMILTON events. The tour took place again in July 2016.</p><br>
<p>Gallier House is a restored 19th-century historic house museum located on Royal Street in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana.</p><br>
<p>It was originally the home of prominent New Orleans architect, James Gallier, Jr. Construction began in 1857 and he moved in with his wife and children in 1860.</p><br>
<p>The fully furnished house includes a courtyard garden, elegant carriageway, and slave quarters. The interior is restored and furnished in the style of the 1850s. The home boasts numerous technological and architectural advancements for its time, offering a glimpse into 19th-century cutting-edge design. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974 for its association with Gallier, one of the city&#39;s most important architects of the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>In 1996, the Woman’s Exchange became the steward of this historic house after acquiring it from Tulane University. The Gallier House reflects an accurate and comprehensive historic restoration of one of New Orleans’ time-honored landmarks.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is eclectic, combining Italianate features such as stucco treatment with classical elements like the formal front entrance. The stucco covering protected the soft, locally-made brick from erosion by wind and water. The building was constructed of brick-on-brick foundations which increase the width below the surface.</p><br>
<p>The front entry is protected by the original cast iron gate. Much of the cast iron in the French Quarter was purchased from catalogs, so it was not as unique as the wrought iron. The front gate of Gallier House, however, was designed by James Gallier, Jr. specifically for this house.</p><br>
<p>The former Grace Episcopal Church is an historic Episcopal church located on USA Route 1 half a mile northwest of its junction with 3rd Street in Robbinston, Maine, in the United States. Built in 1882, it is one of a series of churches along Maine&#39;s coast that was funded by summer residents, and is a fine vernacular expression of Carpenter Gothic architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. It is now the museum of the Robbinston Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Grace Episcopal Church is set on the east side of US 1, in the dispersed rural village of Robbinston, overlooking the St. Croix River. It is a single story wood frame structure, finished with a combination of clapboards and board-and-batten siding. Basically rectangular in shape, it has a porte-cochere to the right, whose broad low-pitch gabled roof extends to cover the main entrance. The front (west-facing) gable end is distinguished by Stick style woodwork at the peak, and a three-part round-arch window at the center, framed by a bargeboard surround. Triangular parapet walls present dormer-like projections from the gable roof, the left one topped by a brick chimney, the right one by an open belfry, which has a pair of chamfered posts supporting the crosspiece from which the bell is suspended. The belfry is topped by a cross-shaped finial.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1882 through the efforts of Dr. Peter Henry Steenstra, a minister from Cambridge, Massachusetts, who was a summer resident of Robbinston, and who had for several summers led religious services in less formal settings. Services ended in 1993, and the church was sold to the historical society in 2000, which uses it as its museum. Although it is not as elaborate as some of Maine&#39;s other coastal summer churches (or designed by a noted architect, as several were), its construction is representative of the trend for such buildings in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The Hermann-Grima House is a historic house museum in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana. The meticulously-restored home reflects the "Golden Age" of New Orleans. It is a handsome Federal-style mansion with courtyard garden, built in 1831. It has the only extant horse stable and 1830s open-hearth kitchen in the French Quarter.</p><br>
<p>The house has been restored to its original splendor through archaeological studies and careful review of the building contract and inventories. The house is recognized as one of the earliest examples of American architecture in the French Quarter. The restoration accurately depicts the gracious lifestyle of a prosperous Creole family. Approximately one-half of the collection can be sourced to original families.</p><br>
<p>The Christian Womans Exchange (now The Womans Exchange), a local non-profit organization, purchased the property in the 1920s and ran it as a boarding house for single women until 1975. It was restored and reopened as a museum in 1975, and The Woman&#39;s Exchange still owns and operates the building today.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>William Brand designed and built the house in the Federal or Georgian style. This was not a commonly-used style in early 19th-century New Orleans. It features a symmetrical facade, an ornate doorway, and a wide central hall, but it is not purely Federal.</p><br>
<p>Brand took the basic form of a Federal-style house and added several cabinets, balconies, and galleries. The balconies and galleries are more typical of French Louisiana style architecture and were an adaptation necessary because of the warm climate. The slave quarters were built in the characteristic New Orleans style. There are no interior hallways; the balconies connect the rooms.</p><br>
<h2>Furniture styles</h2><br>
<p>There are four major styles of furniture in The Hermann-Grima House. Because the home was a private residence from approximately 1831 to 1924 there are several furniture styles that are appropriate to the museum&#39;s interpretation of the history of the house. The majority of the collection is generally classified as American Empire and early Victorian with many nice examples of more specific styles under both classifications.</p><br>
<h3>American/Late Empire</h3><br>
<p>American Empire style furniture was heavily influenced by the Neo-classical style of French Empire style furniture with comparatively straight lines and motifs evoking Greece and Rome. The difference in the American Empire Style can be found in the characteristic heavier feel than French Empire. The style was very fashionable between 1830 and 1850 and was still completely acceptable as solid and conservative well after that time. The Hermann-Grima House collection houses a substantial amount of furniture classified under this style.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>Restoration style is a sub-classification of the Empire Style. The reference is to the restoration of Louis XVIII to the throne of France after the defeat of Napoleon. It is also influenced by the French Empire style. It resembles Greek and Roman models, but the lines show more pronounced curve. This style was interpreted by United States cabinetmakers such as Francois Seignouret. Example of this style can be seen throughout the Hermann-Grima House, most notably in the dining room.</p><br>
<h3>Pillar and scroll</h3><br>
<p>This early Victorian style heavily influenced American cabinetmakers such as Joseph Meeks. Meeks has a furniture outlet in New Orleans on Chartres Street, but his main office was in New York. The characteristics of this style are also based on Greek and Roman models but reflect simple construction and flat one-dimensional surfaces with pillars and scrolls supporting the pieces. They are machine-made or partially machine-made. There are several fine examples of this style of furniture in the Hermann-Grima House collection.</p><br>
<h3>Rococo Revival</h3><br>
<p>The Rococo Revival style became fashionable from roughly 1845 to 1860. Classicism gave way to Romanticism and a fascination with the past became the basis for an entire range of "Revival Styles". The most popular was the French Revival Style that recalled the days of Louis XV and Madame de Pompadour - the Rococo Revival style. The style was popularized in the United States by cabinetmakers such as Henry Belter and Prudent Mallard. The furniture emphasizes C-scrolls and S-scrolls with a light, feminine feel. Decorative carvings of fruit, flower and shell motifs were popular. The Hermann-Grima House has a beautiful Rococo Revival bedroom set and many other fine examples of this style of furniture.</p><br>
<h2>Families</h2><br>
<h3>Hermann family</h3><br>
<p>Samuel Hermann was born in 1777 in Rodelheim, Germany. He immigrated to Louisiana in 1804 and settled on the German Coast about twenty miles up river from New Orleans. His wife, Marie Emeranthe Becnel, was born in St. John the Baptist Parish in 1776. Samuel and Emeranthe were married in 1806 in St. John the Baptist Church. The Hermanns had four children. They were Samuel, Jr., Louis Florian, Lucien, and Marie Virginie. Samuel worked as an agent and broker for plantation owners and New Orleans merchants. They moved to New Orleans in 1813 and lived in various houses in the French Quarter. Samuel continued to act as a broker and expanded his business into mortgages, stocks and real estate.</p><br>
<p>The family purchased a lot on St. Louis Street in 1831 and Samuel hired architect, William Brand, to build a new residence. Mr. Brand built a Federal style house for the family. The house is now the Hermann-Grima Historic House Museum. In 1837, the English cotton market crashed, instituting a worldwide financial panic. Mr. Hermann&#39;s fortune was eventually lost due to the crash and he sold the home to Felix Grima.</p><br>
<p>The Hermann family continued to live in the French Quarter with their daughter and her family. Samuel Hermann died in 1851 and Emeranthe Hermann died in 1853. They are both buried in St. Louis Cemetery No.2.</p><br>
<h3>Grima family</h3><br>
<p>Felix Grima was the youngest child of Albert Xavier Grima, a native of Malta, and his wife, Marie Anne Filiosa, a native of New Orleans. Felix was born in New Orleans in 1798. He graduated from the College d&#39;Orleans, a creole school that emphasized the classics, then studied law with his brother-in-law. His wife was Marie Sophie Adelaide Montegut who was born in 1811. He and his wife lived on the corner of Bourbon and Toulouse, the future site of the French Opera House. Five of their children were born in the house and four more were born after they moved into the house at 820 St. Louis Street.</p><br>
<p>They moved into the former Hermann home in 1844 with Felixs unmarried sisters and widowed mother. They were a well-read, cultured family. The museum now owns over two thousand books that belonged to the family. They were involved in the citys social life as well as the city&#39;s religious life. Mr. Grima sponsored a St. Louis Cathedral sewing group and their youngest daughter sang in the choirs at St. Louis Cathedral and St. Augustine Church. The Grima family lived in the house at 820 St. Louis until 1921 when the last Grima living in the house sold it and moved to uptown New Orleans.</p><br>
<h2>The Christian Woman's Exchange</h2><br>
<p>The Christian Womans Exchange was founded in New Orleans in 1881. Its original purpose was to provide a place where needy women could sell homemade products or family heirlooms. Throughout its history, the Christian Womans Exchange has been financially supported by prominent New Orleans women including, Mrs. Ira A. Richardson, Caroline S. Tilton, Mrs. Charles L. Howard, and M.L. Whitney.</p><br>
<p>In 1887, the Exchange acquired the Edwards House, on the corner of Camp and South Streets, which held a shop, a library, a lunchroom, and a rooming house for women. In 1924, the Exchange purchased the Hermann-Grima House at 820 St. Louis Street. As stated above, the building served as a rooming house for women until 1975, when it was converted to a house museum.</p><br>
<p>The organization&#39;s name change, omitting the word Christian, was relatively recent &ndash; late 20th century or early 21st century.</p><br>
<p>Louisiana State Bank Building is a historic commercial building at Royal and Conti Streets in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana. Built in 1820, it was the last structure designed by nationally prominent architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe, who died from yellow fever in New Orleans before its construction. It has also been known as the Manheim Galleries building, from a long-time tenant. More recently, it has housed "Latrobe&#39;s", an event venue. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Louisiana State Bank Building is located west of Jackson Square, at the northern corner of Royal and Conti Streets. It is a two-story building, with stuccoed brick walls rising to a parapet that surrounds a low-pitch hipped roof. The first floor, higher than the second, has rounded blinds above the openings that house the windows and doors. The main entrance is recessed, and there are wrought iron balconies on both street-facing facades.</p><br>
<p>The Louisiana State Bank was founded in 1818, and was the first bank established in the new state of Louisiana following its admission to the Union. A competition was held for the design of its first building, whose results are not known. The commission was eventually awarded by Benjamin Henry Latrobe, then already a successful architect with documented portfolio of bank buildings. Latrobe died in New Orleans in 1820. The building was completed in 1822 at a cost of $55,000. It has served a variety of commercial purposes over the years, including as the Manheim Gallery for much of the 20th century. As of 2014, a wedding and events business called Latrobe&#39;s on Royal is operating in the building.</p><br>
<p>Oakland Plantation, originally known as the Jean Pierre Emmanuel Prudhomme Plantation, and also known as Bermuda, is a historic cotton plantation in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana. It is one the nations best and most intact examples of a French Creole cotton plantation complex It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2001, and is now owned by the National Park Service as part of Cane River Creole National Historical Park.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The plantation is situated on a bend of the Cane River Lake, off Louisiana Highway 119 in the Bermuda community near Natchitoches.</p><br>
<p>The Oakland Plantation grounds and structures are within the Cane River Creole National Historical Park, in the NPS Cane River National Heritage Area, and is on the state&#39;s Louisiana African American Heritage Trail. It is a National Historic Landmark, and is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Oakland Plantation is associated with Atahoe Plantation and Isle Brevelle. It is located near the also significant Magnolia Plantation and Melrose Plantation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>The original owners, Jean-Pierre Emanuel Prudhomme and his wife Marie Catherine Lambre Prudhomme, completed building the Oakland Plantation house in 1821. The family tradition claims that Oakland was one of the first plantations to grow cotton on a large scale, cultivated and harvested by slaves. They also had farm animals, that were served by extant buildings, such as the dipping vat, the turkey shed, the mule barn, two pigeonniers, and several chicken coops.</p><br>
<p>The Prudhommes also owned and operated a general store on the plantation, which also housed the Bermuda USA Post Office for many years. The farm flourished in the 19th century.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>J. Alphonse Prudhomme won the gold medal at the 1904 Worlds Fair in St. Louis for growing the highest-grade cotton in the South. The plantation was also used in John Fords 1959 movie The Horse Soldiers.</p><br>
<p>In 1997, the National Park Service acquired the main buildings and surrounding land of Oakland Plantation, forming the Cane River Creole National Historical Park. Park Service work has progressed to advanced stages in the preservation and conservation of the many outbuildings, and of the plantation house, including furnishing interiors with furniture, paintings, and textiles as it was in the 1860s at the end of the plantation era.</p><br>
<p>The parks program includes interpretation of the history of free blacks and Creoles who lived and worked on Oakland Plantation for nearly 100 years after the American Civil War and emancipation. They were all integral to the regions community life. The community has strongly associated the plantation with the Prud&#39;homme family, many of whom still reside in the area today.</p><br>
<p>Roxy Ann Peak is a 3,576 ft mountain in the Western Cascade Range at the eastern edge of Medford, Oregon. Composed of several geologic layers, the majority of the peak is of volcanic origin and dates to the early Oligocene. It is primarily covered by oak savanna and open grassland on its lower slopes, and mixed coniferous forest on its upper slopes and summit. Despite the peaks relatively small topographic prominence of 753 ft, it rises 2,200 ft above Medford and is visible from most of the Rogue Valley. The mountain is Medfords most important viewshed, open space reserve, and recreational resource.</p><br>
<p>The peak was originally settled 8,000 to 10,000 years ago by ancestors of the Latgawa Native American tribe. In the early 1850s, a sudden influx of non-indigenous settlers resulted in the Rogue River Wars. After the wars, the Latgawa were forced away from the region onto reservations. The peak was named in the late 1850s after one of its first landowners, Roxy Ann Bowen.</p><br>
<p>In 1883, the city of Medford was established to the west of the mountain, and became incorporated two years later. After acquiring a large amount of land from the Lions Club and the federal government between 1930 and 1933, the city created the 1,740 acre Prescott Park in 1937. The park protects much of the upper slopes and summit of the peak and remains largely undeveloped. The peak&#39;s southern foothills have some quickly expanding single-family residential subdivisions.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Roxy Ann Peak is part of the old and deeply eroded Western Cascades, along with nearby Pilot Rock, Grizzly Peak, and Baldy. It is composed of several distinct geologic layers. The oldest layer, the 35- to 50-million-year-old Payne Cliffs Formation, forms the base of the peak and consists of sedimentary sandstone, shale, and conglomerates. Most of the rest of the mountain is made up of 30- to 35-million-year-old volcanic basalt, breccias, and agglomerates, known as the Roxy Formation. These rocks are some of the oldest in the Cascades. At the summit, younger basalt dikes and intrusions K–Ar dated to 30.82 ± 2 million years ago form a relatively erosion-resistant cap, likely contributing to the peaks isolation and familiar conical shape. Much of the lower slopes of Roxy Ann are covered by a 4 to 5 ft layer of dense, sticky clay. Due to the clays low shear strength, the soil is prone to creep, earthflows, and landslides. Several large subdivisions lie on top of these deposits, some of which are up to 20 ft thick.</p><br>
<p>The peak stands 3,576 ft above sea level with a topographic prominence of 753 ft, and rises 2,200 ft above the surrounding Rogue Valley. The unique rounded top, location, and height of the peak create a landmark distinguishable from as far away as Shady Cove, 15.5 mi to the north, and the Siskiyou Summit, 23.5 mi to the south.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early history</h3><br>
<p>Humans have lived in the vicinity of Roxy Ann Peak for the past 8,000 to 10,000 years. The first inhabitants were semi-nomadic, most likely living off edible bulbs and large mammals such as mastodons and giant bison. Within the last millennium, the region became home to the Latgawa Native American tribe, who called the peak Al-wiya. They probably used the mountain for gathering acorns and hunting black-tailed deer and small birds, animals which are still abundant there.</p><br>
<p>The first European Americans to visit the area were a group of fur trappers led by Peter Skene Ogden who traveled north through the Rogue Valley on February 14, 1827. The first non-indigenous settlers arrived a few decades later. The sudden increase in population created conflicts with the Latgawa, which ultimately led to the Rogue River Wars of 1855 and 1856. After the wars, the remaining Latgawa were forced hundreds of miles north to the Siletz Reservation on the central Oregon Coast.</p><br>
<p>Early settlers named the peak Skinner Butte, after Alonzo A. Skinner, the Rogue Valley Indian agent between 1851 and 1853. The current name of the mountain originates from one of its first residents, Roxy Ann Bowen. Two couples—Roxy Ann and her husband John McKee and Stephen and Mary Taylor—claimed almost the entire peak in 1853, and by the late 1850s, it came to be known as Roxy Ann Peak.</p><br>
<p>In November 1883, the Oregon and California Railroad was built through the center of the Rogue Valley, bypassing Jacksonville, the county seat. The railroad company also constructed a train depot halfway between Central Point and Phoenix, and platted 82 city blocks around it. The townsite was named Medford in December. In 1884, residents celebrated the towns first Independence Day by firing 38 cannon blasts—one for each USA state—from Roxy Ann Peaks summit. Medford grew quickly, and was incorporated on February 24, 1885.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in the early 1900s, the mountain&#39;s foothills were predominantly used for pear orchards and lignite mining. Mining ceased at the onset of World War I, and many of the orchards were abandoned during the Great Depression, but some still remain.</p><br>
<h3>Prescott Park</h3><br>
<p>In 1929, the Lions Club purchased two sizable portions of land on the peak, and deeded 200 acre to Medford for recreational use the following year. In 1931, the city acquired another 1,500 acre via the Recreation and Public Purposes Act, and 40 acre more in 1933. The park was dedicated in 1937 to George J. Prescott, a Lions Club leader and Medford police officer who was killed on duty on March 16, 1933.</p><br>
<p>Starting in 1933, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) made the first improvements to Prescott Park, including constructing 18 mi of trails and a 16 ft access road (Roxy Ann Road), creating several picnic areas and overlooks, and digging drainage ditches. The CCC stopped work in 1942, soon after the beginning of World War II. Park maintenance ceased due to municipal budget problems, and gasoline rationing caused the number of visitors to drop markedly. By 1956, the CCC&#39;s improvements had suffered $110,000 in damage. The trend of disrepair continued for several decades.</p><br>
<p>During the late 1990s, the park experienced a surge in vandalism, littering, and wildfires caused by off-roading, and Roxy Ann Road became nearly impassable because of lack of maintenance. Medford police officers had to devote much of their time to patrolling the mountain, made difficult by the park&#39;s remote location. To alleviate these problems, the city regraded Roxy Ann Road in 1998, and installed two gates near the park entrance two years later. By 2006, vandalism had decreased by 70 percent.</p><br>
<p>At 1,740 acre, Prescott Park is Medfords largest park, covering much of the upper slopes and summit of Roxy Ann. It is two and a half times larger than the citys other parks combined.</p><br>
<h3>21st century</h3><br>
<p>Prescott Park and Roxy Ann Peaks upper slopes remain relatively undeveloped, being outside of Medfords city limits and urban growth boundary. The summit of the peak is home to a 180 ft radio tower built in 2007; the new tower replaced three of four existing 80 ft towers. Roxy Ann Peak and nearby Baldy are the only two primary transmitter station sites in the Rogue Valley.</p><br>
<p>Residential development of the mountain&#39;s southern foothills has been on the rise for several years, primarily in the form of single-family residences. Construction costs have continued to rise as well, in part because of a bill passed in 2003. Oregon House Bill 3375 required that new construction on slopes of 20 percent or greater with unstable soil undergo increased regulation and an extended approval process. The bill doubled the cost of new foundations to around $20,000 to $30,000, and the cost of retrofitting an existing structure approached $100,000.</p><br>
<p>Roxy Ann Peak&#39;s southern foothills are also home to the RoxyAnn Winery, a Rogue Valley AVA winery founded in 2002. On the opposite side of the mountain is the first bioreactor landfill in Southern Oregon, the Dry Creek Landfill, which began a program in 2006 to generate power from collected methane.</p><br>
<p>On September 21, 2009, a wildfire broke out on Roxy Ann Peak&#39;s western slopes and consumed approximately 633 acre. It left 25,000 residents without electricity, forced the evacuation of over 100 homes, and cost over $1.3 million to fight, but no structures were damaged.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Roxy Ann Peak&#39;s high biodiversity is due to its wide range of elevations and its location between the Cascade, Klamath, and Eastern Cascade ecoregions. The lower slopes of the peak support chaparral, oak savanna, and open grassland. Scattered California black oak, Oregon white oak, and Pacific madrone trees grow in these areas, as do sclerophyllous shrubs such as birchleaf mountain mahogany, sticky whiteleaf manzanita, buckbrush, antelope bitterbrush, and Pacific poison oak. Common grasses include blue wildrye and prairie Junegrass. Wildflowers including Southern Oregon buttercup, common yarrow, and Tolmie star-tulip also grow in these regions. At higher elevations, the vegetation transitions to mixed coniferous forest, dominated by Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, incense cedar, western juniper, and Pacific madrone trees. Shrubs such as common snowberry, bearbrush, greenleaf manzanita, sticky whiteleaf manzanita, deerbrush, and Pacific poison oak make up the understory of the forest, along with herbaceous plants such as creeping snowberry and Idaho fescue.</p><br>
<p>The peak is home to many species of birds, including blue-gray gnatcatchers, lazuli buntings, oak titmice, acorn woodpeckers, and California quail on the lower slopes, and mountain quail, mountain chickadees, and red-breasted nuthatches on the upper slopes. Wild turkeys and raptors such as Coopers hawks, golden eagles, bald eagles, and prairie falcons are also common. A few species migrate to the peak in the winter, including ruby-crowned kinglets, yellow-rumped warblers, and golden-crowned sparrows. Mammals that inhabit the mountain include black-tailed deer, cougars, bobcats, skunks, raccoons, coyotes, bears, weasels, and squirrels. A large herd of Roosevelt elk frequent the peaks western foothills. The herd swelled to over 100 individuals in the mid-2000s, causing traffic problems and severe damage to local pear orchards, but shrank to about 40 members by 2009 after an Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife relocation effort. Other common animals on the peak include western rattlesnakes and western blacklegged ticks.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Roxy Ann Peak and Prescott Park serve as Medfords most important viewshed, open space reserve, and recreational resource. Popular recreational activities on the peak include picnicking and hiking, mountain biking, and horseback riding on the 4 mi of designated trails in Prescott Park, which range in difficulty from moderate to steep. In August 2013, the city of Medford and the International Mountain Bicycling Association released a conceptual plan detailing future improvements to the parks trail system. The plan would add 30 mi of new multi-use trails throughout the park, improve existing trails and trail signage, and add a new trailhead on the mountain&#39;s western slope, at an estimated cost of between $360,000 and $720,000. If approved, construction on the first phase could begin by 2015.</p><br>
<p>A challenge course opened in Prescott Park in April 2012, operated by the Tigard-based company Synergo. The course has 15 elements—eight low and seven high—each formed by various combinations of ropes, wires, platforms, ladders, and swings. They range from 2 to 40 ft above the ground.</p><br>
<p>The peak and park can be accessed via Roxy Ann Road on the southern side of the mountain. There are two gates on the road; the first is near the base of the peak and is opened and closed on a set schedule, and the second is about one mile beyond it at the park boundary, and is closed to all unauthorized motor vehicles. One mile past the second gate, the road splits into a 2.7 mi loop around the summit. Tower Road begins on the north side of the loop and ascends to the summit of the peak. The peak offers expansive views of the surrounding landscape, including the Rogue Valley, Mount Ashland, Mount McLoughlin, Pilot Rock, the Crater Lake rim, and even Mount Thielsen, 66 mi to the north, and Mount Shasta, 72 mi to the south.</p><br>
<p>Magnolia Plantation is a former plantation in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana. The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2001, significant as one of the most intact 19th-century plantation complexes, complete with a suite of slave cabins. Included in the Cane River Creole National Historical Park, Magnolia Plantation is also a destination on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The plantation traces its roots back to Jean Baptiste LeComte II, who received French and Spanish land grants in the mid-18th century. This began the plantation&#39;s recorded history, although the first structures were not built until the 19th century, and the plantation was not operating until 1830. Ambrose LeComte, son of Jean Baptiste, married Julia Buard. They began a tradition of community and cultivation on a vast piece of property. Two of their daughters, Laura and Ursula Atala, married two sons from the Hertzog family: Bernard Theophile Henry and Matthew Hertzog, respectively. Atala and Matthew Hertzog took over the plantation shortly after their marriage in 1852, thus linking the Hertzog name to Magnolia.</p><br>
<p>Magnolia Plantation is exceptional because of the surviving farming technology, such as the cotton picker tractors and two cotton gins (both steam- and animal-powered). It has 21 buildings that contribute to the significance of the site, an unusually high number for surviving plantations. Among these are the eight quarters, rare brick cabins originally used by slaves, and later workers who lived and worked on the plantation for 100 years after the American Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The plantation was also exceptional for its influence in the community and the Cane River area. For 100 years after the American Civil War, "the Hertzogs," as the place was familiarly known, served as the center of a community of Creoles of color and blacks who lived and worked on the plantation as tenant farmers and laborers. By the mid-20th century, changes in agriculture led people to urban jobs.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>According to the Sabin Gianelloni, Sr. Papers (submitted to the LSU Libraries) Subseries 2. Sabin, Jr. and Vivian Gianelloni correspondence, 1937-1957 - "Sabin, Jr. tells of his purchase of Magnolia Plantation (Aug. 24, 28, Sept. 24, 1951)" however, records are not showing any transfer to the Conservation or Parks division in later years.</p><br>
<p>The park portion of the plantation is owned by the National Park Service. The main house and the farming acreage is owned by the Descendants of Ambrose John Hertzog and Sarah Jane Hunter Hertzog. The Park Service has acquired 16 buildings, including the Plantation Store, the cotton gin, the Overseer&#39;s House (or Slave Hospital); blacksmith shop and the brick quarters. It continues to improve their condition to preserve them for future generations.</p><br>
<p>The Cane River Creole National Historical Park is located at 5487 Louisiana Highway 119. The closest town is Derry, Louisiana. The park is open from Mondays to Fridays, from 8 am to 4:30 pm.</p><br>
<p>Trapper Lake is a lake in Alaska that lies to the north of Wasilla. It has no road access. The only way to get there is via float plane in the summer or snow machine in the winter. There is no access in the shoulder seasons when the winter trails are gone and there is ice on the lake.</p><br>
<p>Commercial float plane access includes Arctic Wings leaving from Kashwitna Lake on the Parks Highway, or based on Willow Lake. Other options are available from Anchorage and Talkeetna, with increased cost due to longer flight time to the lake. Typically the lake is ice free by Memorial Day weekend, but not always. Final trips in the fall are typically in early October.</p><br>
<p>Snow machine access opens up in December with early trips possible via the Rabideaux trail head at MP105 until the Susitna river crossing is put in from at MP82.5 The maintains the trails in the area with connections to Deska Landing trails and the Trapper Creek and Petersville trail system. Main trails heads are at MP105 and the Susitna Landing. The river crossing should always be considered hazardous and made with careful attention to the trail conditions and updates that may be posted on Facebook or available at the Landing. During periods of warm weather and rain, the river can come up quickly flooding the trail or damaging the ice bridges, but even in colder weather, use caution. The river crossing is typically staked until early April. After the river crossing is closes, there is typically another week or two of access from the Rabideaux trail depending on the show conditions and the water at the Rabideaux creek.</p><br>
<p>Trapper lake is not stocked, but has a good population of pike that invaded the lake in the 1980s following a high flood that allowed the invasive fish to enter the lake and creeks, decimating the native trout and silver salmon run. For a number of years there were reports of massive pike being taken as they gorges on the lakes abundant native fish. Today the pike are typically about 20" and can be caught summer and winter. The lake generally very shallow and has a number of uncharted rocks.</p><br>
<p>Homeplace Plantation House, also known as Keller Homestead, is a National Historic Landmark on Louisiana Highway 18 in Hahnville, St. Charles Parish, Louisiana. Built 1787-91, it is one of the nation&#39;s finest examples of a French colonial raised cottage. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970 for its architecture. It is private property, and is not open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Homeplace Plantation House is located on the south side of the Mississippi River, in Hahnville, the parish seat of St. Charles Parish, about 0.5 mi south of the local post office. The plantation house is set on a landscape lot at the southwest corner of LA 18 and Home Place. It is a two story structure, with a hip roof and a two-story gallery porch encircling the structure. The first floor is built out of stuccoed brick, as are the pillars that support the second level of the gallery. The bricks used in the pillars were formed in wedge-shaped molds. The upper gallery is built out of cypress, as are the second-floor walls, floors, and ceilings. The timbers used in the walls have been chinked with clay and Spanish moss. The interior retains some original features, including wine racks in two basement storage rooms, and marble flooring in the dining room.</p><br>
<p>The house was built sometime between 1787 and 1791, although it is unclear for whom. It was probably built by the same builder who constructed the Parlange Plantation House, with which it shares many similar features. It is, with Parlange, one of the best-preserved examples of this period of colonial French architecture. The house was owned in its early years by members of the Gaillard and Fortier families, and was purchased in 1889 by Pierre Anatole Keller.</p><br>
<p>The house is not open to the public. The unoccupied house continues to deteriorate. One elderly owner (93 years old) reported he was not able to do critical maintenance and repairs. Hurricane Katrina (in 2005) broke windows, damaged the roof of the house, and damaged the pigeonnier.</p><br>
<p>HomeplaceWM.jpgHomeplace and Plantation, 2005</p><br>
<p>2015 Rear.jpgRear view, 2015</p><br>
<p>The Paramount Theatre is located at 125 4th Avenue NE, Austin in the USA state of Minnesota. The theater was built as an atmospheric theatre in 1929 to great fanfare, being the first movie palace in Austin accommodating 914 seats. The ceiling was painted with figures of dogs, winged creatures, and Spanish designs. It served the town until it closed in 1975, the genre being quashed by television and mall cinemas. In 1987 the Austin Area Commission for the Arts was formed to restore the building to its historic grandeur. Volunteers and donors, with the assistance of the Minnesota Historical Society repaired plaster and masonry and replaced the seats. A stone spire that had been hit by lightning in the 1940s was also repaired.</p><br>
<p>This is one of only four such theaters in the state to be used as a theater; the building is currently used for performances by the Matchbox Children’s Theatre and concerts and events sponsored by the Austin Area Commission for the Arts. The theatre is also home to special annual events and concerts including Austin Public School&#39;s Paramount Jazz, Michael Veldman and Friends Christmas Show, and concerts by the Austin Symphony Orchestra.</p><br>
<p>Kimberly Crest House and Gardens is a French château-style Victorian mansion located in Redlands, California. The property is a registered California Historical Landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1897 for Mrs. Cornelia A. Hill, one of the pioneers of Redlands. In 1905, John Alfred Kimberly, a co-founder of the Kimberly-Clark paper company, purchased the home to escape the Wisconsin winters, giving the family name to the property. When the Kimberly family purchased the property in 1905, Mrs Kimberly had the Italian gardens installed on the property. The family celebrated the holidays at the property with a 90 ft magnolia tree adorned with 6000 watts of light. The Kimberly family continued to live in the home until the death in 1979 of Mary Kimberly Shirk, the widowed daughter of John Alfred Kimberly.</p><br>
<p>Before her death, Mrs. Shirk challenged the city of Redlands to raise the funds to purchase 39 acre of the property around the home and turn it into a botanical park. If the funds were raised, she promised to bequeath the mansion and the estate of 6.25 acre immediately around it to the city. The city raised the funds, and the surrounding grounds became known as Prospect Park. At her death, Mrs. Shirk left the home to "the people of Redlands" and, using the proceeds from the sale to the city of the Prospect Park property, established the Kimberly-Shirk Association, which continues to care for the home today.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the conversion to a museum, the mansion served as one of the filming locations for the 1981 movie Hell Night, starring Linda Blair. In the film, underground tunnels were depicted, but the house and the estate have no such feature. Later, the grounds served as the setting of Fleetwood Mac&#39;s Big Love video. Shots depicting the inside of the home were filmed on a sound stage.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The three-story Victorian mansion was designed in the Châteauesque style by Oliver Perry Dennis and Lyman Farwell, a Los Angeles-based partnership. The building contains over 7,000 ft&sup2; of floor space. A near replica, now known as The Magic Castle, was designed by the same architects and erected in Hollywood in 1909.</p><br>
<h2>Gardens</h2><br>
<p>The gardens that surround Kimberly Crest are exquisite examples of the Italian style favored by Victorian homeowners at the turn of the 20th century. Mr. Kimberly had the current gardens created in 1909, complete with statuary and koi ponds. Today the gardens are honorary members of the Inland Koi Society, which now maintains the lily ponds.</p><br>
<h2>The mansion today</h2><br>
<p>The Kimberly-Shirk Association has maintained the property since 1981 and continues the legacy of Mrs. Shirk&#39;s involvement in civic events. Kimberly Crest is open to the public for tours and can also be booked for weddings and private events. Tours are Thursday, Friday, and Sunday. Tours are available every half hour with the last tour taking off at 3:30 pm.</p><br>
<p>Balbridie is the site of a Neolithic long house in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, situated on the south bank of the River Dee, east of Banchory. The site is one of the earliest known permanent Neolithic settlements in Scotland, dating from 3400—4000 BC, and the largest Neolithic long house to be excavated in Britain. In a European context, Whittle has indicated the rarity of such large Neolithic timber houses, citing Balbridie, a hall in Cambridgeshire and Fengate as a small set of such finds. Neolithic features found in a later excavations at Dreghorn included post holes indicating a large rectangular structure comparable to Balbridie.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery</h2><br>
<p>The Balbridie site was discovered in 1976 by aerial photography carried out by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. The unusually dry summer revealed previously undetected cropmarks suggesting a very large structure. Subsequent archaeological work on site allowed the conceptual reconstruction of an enormous timber structure including the identification of large timber postholes.</p><br>
<h2>Relationship to other very early features</h2><br>
<p>The vicinity of Balbridie includes a number of other notable archaeological features including the Neolithic site of Bucharn. Watt has pointed out that this local area attracted an unusual density of very early settlement in Scotland. Balbridie is not only close to the River Dee but also to the Elsick Mounth trackway, the route of early crossings inland through the lower Grampian Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The Holman Field Administration Building is a Kasota limestone building designed by Clarence Wigington and built in 1939 by WPA employees. It serves as the control building for the St. Paul Downtown Airport in Saint Paul in the USA state of Minnesota. The airport was named for Charles W. Holman, who won the USA air speed trials in 1930. The airfield was built on the former site of Lamprey Lake, which was filled with dredged material from the adjacent Mississippi River, which regularly floods the airport. Across the river in Indian Mounds Park is one of the last remaining airway beacons in the country.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, Northwest Airlines employed up to 5000 people at the site, modifying new B-24 Liberator bombers, some of which received the highly classified H2X radar, which proved to be an invaluable tool in the European theater.</p><br>
<p>The John Harrington Stevens House was the first authorized house on the west bank of the Mississippi River in what would become Minneapolis in the USA state of Minnesota. It was built in 1850 at Saint Anthony Falls by John H. Stevens on the site where the Minneapolis Post Office now sits. He was granted permission to build his house on land controlled by Fort Snelling in exchange for providing ferry service across the river, accounting for the nickname "ferry farm." In the subsequent five years, the home became a hub of civic and social activity, and was dubbed the "birthplace of Minneapolis." Both Hennepin County and Minneapolis were organized in Stevens&#39; home. He and his wife, Frances Helen, had no white neighbors, but Indians were often seen nearby.</p><br>
<p>The Stevens House was moved several times, finally to Minnehaha Park in south Minneapolis in 1896. The home is part of the Minnehaha Historic District, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. The house is now a museum, with tours available on summer weekends.</p><br>
<p>Cordón de Puntas Negras is a 500 km&sup2; volcanic chain located east of the Salar de Atacama in Chile&#39;s II Region.</p><br>
<p>Cordón de Puntas Negras is constructed along the major Calama–Olacapato–El Toro fault and is 70 km long. The volcanic chain intersects with the Cordón Chalviri volcanic chain. Both chains cover a surface area of 500 km&sup2; and contain cones, vents, lava domes, lava flows and maars, including a lava dome and silicic flow with a surface area of 13 km&sup2;. Puntas Negras specifically covers an area of 400 km&sup2, which runs from the Chiliques volcano on the north to volcán Puntas Negras (5,852 m) almost to the SE. The Puntas Negras Volcano forms the common endpoint of two chains of volcanoes in a V-shaped configuration. The southern leg of the V is called "Cordón Chalviri" whose other extreme is the Cerro Tuyajto, SW of Puntas Negras and at the same distance SE of the Miñiques volcano. Several small volcanic centres and lava flows are found here, including Aguas Calientes, Cerros Cenizas, Chinchilla and Laguna Escondida which have well preserved craters. The volcanic chain is associated with a topographic anomaly in the region, a property that other volcanoes in the area also have.</p><br>
<p>Rocks in the chain are andesite, basaltic andesite and dacite. Magmas from this volcanic chain have a calc-alkaline composition formed by partial melting of a mantle wedge, with research indicating a decrease in SiO2 concentration over time.</p><br>
<p>The basement beneath the chain is composed from Ordovician marine sediments that were later deformed by the Acadian orogeny. The 35 x La Pacana caldera is buried beneath Puntas Negras. Both the 3.2 ± 0.3 Patao ignimbrite and the 2.4 ± 0.4 mya Pampa Chamaca or Tuyajto ignimbrite from La Pacana may have been erupted from beneath Puntas Negras.</p><br>
<p>Biotites in andesitic lavas have been dated 0.7 ± 0.3 to 0.3 ± 0.2 million years ago. Volcan Puntas Negras has generated postglacial lava flows. An olivine basalt flow from the northern part of the chain extends over 10 km towards Salar el Laco and may be of late Holocene age. The youngest volcanic centre appears to be located southeast of Laguna Escondida. A zone of anomalous electrical conductivity down to depths of 6 km extends north to Lascar volcano. Cerro Overo at the southeastern end of Puntas Negras has been undergoing active deformation, with a previously observed pattern of subsidence before 2003–2005 switching to a pattern of inflation. Filling and emptying of a magma reservoir linked to Puntas Negras may be the cause for these deformation patterns.</p><br>
<p>The volcanic chain forms a water divide in the Andes, separating the Puna de Atacama from the basins Laguna Miscanti and Laguna Miniques. A catchment area of 320 km&sup2; for the Laguna Miscanti lies in the Cordón de Puntas Negras. Puntas Negras has been affected by glaciation during the Pleistocene, with moraines reaching up to 4,400 m altitude. Possibly, the entire chain was covered with glaciers. Water from Cordón de Puntas Negras is a principal water source for Laguna Miscanti.</p><br>
<p>Madame John&#39;s Legacy is a historic house museum at 632 Dumaine Street in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana. Built in 1788, it is one of the oldest houses in the French Quarter, and was built in the older French colonial style, rather than the more current Spanish colonial style of that time. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970 for its architectural significance. The Louisiana State Museum owns the house and provides tours.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Madame Johns Legacy stands north of Jackson Square, on the southwest side of Dumaine Street between Royal and Chartres Streets. The buildings name derives from a story by New Orleans author George Washington Cable, and refers to a building that previously stood on the site. It is a French colonial raised cottage, its ground level a full-height basement built out of brick, and a wood frame main level above. The exterior is clad in wooden boards. Behind the main building is an open courtyard, with a brick slave quarters at the rear of the property. The basement level of the house appears shorter than it was when built, in part because the street level has been raised in the intervening centuries.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1788, and is a rare survivor in the area of the quarter&#39;s 1794 fire. The house undernwent a number of alterations in the 19th century, most notably as part of a conversion to apartments in the late 19th century. In 1947 the house was donated to the Louisiana State Museum. It was operated as a museum until 1965, when it was closed due to hurricane damage. It was subjected to a painstaking restoration in the early 1970s, restoring it as much as possible to its late 18th-century appearance, and reopened.</p><br>
<p>This house is briefly seen in the 1994 movie Interview with the Vampire in a scene where caskets are being carried out of the house while Louis (Brad Pitt) is describing Lestat (Tom Cruise) and Claudia (Kirsten Dunst) going out on the town. Part of 12 Years a Slave was also filmed at the house.</p><br>
<p>Marksville Prehistoric Indian Site , also known as the Marksville State Historic Site, is a Marksville culture archaeological site located 1 mi southeast of Marksville in Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana. The site features numerous earthworks built by the prehistoric indigenous peoples of southeastern North America.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Marksville is the type site for the Marksville culture (a local variation of the Hopewell tradition) and was the first scientifically excavated site for the culture. Centuries later the Avoyel and Natchez peoples lived in the vicinity of the site until 1700. Burial mounds at the site are surrounded by a horseshoe-shaped earthen embankment about 3,000 ft long. The site is also one of the largest of the period in the southeastern United States, with large and distinctive ring features not found elsewhere. The site&#39;s importance has been known since the 1920s, when it was first formally investigated, and it is regularly the subject of further investigation. Radiometric dating of the sites features have yielded occupancy dates from 0-400 CE.</p><br>
<h3>Landmark and access</h3><br>
<p>The archaeological site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964. The site is now also a State Commemorative Area.</p><br>
<p>The 42 acre site is maintained by the state of Louisiana and features a museum with artifacts found at the site and exhibits about the prehistoric people that lived in the Marksville culture area. There are also trails to the mounds and picnic facilities.</p><br>
<p>Natchitoches Historic District, also known as Natchitoches National Historic Landmark District, is a historic district encompassing the heart of Natchitoches, Louisiana, the oldest permanent European settlement in what is now Louisiana, and the oldest permanent European settlement in the wider geographic area involved in the Louisiana Purchase. It was founded by the French in 1714. "Natchitoches" is pronounced /&#39;nækətəʃ/ ; the name was for the indigenous people of the area. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The city of Natchitoches, when founded, was located on the banks at the head of navigation of the Red River in northern Louisiana, roughly midway between Alexandria and Shreveport. It was founded in 1714 by French explorers, who were seeking to firmly establish French claims to the territory against those of New Spain. As such, it eventually developed into a significant trading center, with goods flowing among the French, Spanish, and area Native American tribes. The citys oldest streets are laid out parallel to the river, and the long-distance road network was expanded after French Louisiana was ceded to Spain in 1763. The city remained an important regional trading center until the second quarter of the 19th century, when the Red Rivers course shifted eastward, leaving the downtown flanking the old channel, now known as the Cane River. This put an end to major development in the city, and helped preserve much of its 18th-century character.</p><br>
<p>The historic district extends along both sides of the old river channel, but only includes properties on Williams Street on the east side. It extends for several blocks (as far as Fourth Street) on the west side, between the Keyser Street bridge in the south and Texas Street in the north. It has more than 200 historic structures, including a significant concentration of 18th and early 19th-century buildings built using the French colonial construction technique of bousillage.</p><br>
<p>Instrumental in the establishment of the district was the historical preservationist Robert DeBlieux, who served as mayor of Natchitoches from 1976-1980.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, listed as the Church of the Immaculate Conception.</p><br>
<p>The Robbinsdale Library was a community library in Robbinsdale, Minnesota built in 1925 through the efforts of the Robbinsdale Library Club. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Robbinsdale Library Club was first organized in 1907. Books were originally kept in the Village Hall, but in 1917 a small building was moved to a location on Rockford Road, now known as 42nd Avenue North, west of the Great Northern Railway (now BNSF Railway) tracks. This building proved inadequate, so a new library building was built on the same location and opened on January 4, 1926. The cost of construction, about $8,000 to $9,000, was funded with donations from local citizens and the library club. The Hennepin County Library system took over the library in 1922, but the library club still owned the building and grounds.</p><br>
<p>Eventually, the Hennepin County Library system built a larger, regional library in Crystal about a mile west of the Robbinsdale library. The new Rockford Road Library opened in 1973, so the old Robbinsdale library was closed in 1975. At the time of its closure, the library had a collection of about 17,000 volumes and an annual circulation of over 102,000. City Councilman Verne Baker led efforts to list the building on the National Register of Historic Places. A plaque on the building reads, "Robbinsdale Community Center, Robbin Gallery - Declared National Historic Site 1978 - Built in 1926 for use as a public library by Robbinsdale Library Club which was founded in 1904 - Donated to the City of Robbinsdale for community use, 1977." The building now houses the Robbinsdale Historical Society and Robbin Gallery.</p><br>
<p>Lockerbie Square Historic District is a national historic district on the National Register of Historic Places within Indianapolis, Indiana, listed on February 23, 1973, with a boundary increase on July 28, 1987. It is noted for its Federal, Italianate, and Queen Anne style architecture. The original platting of Lockerbie Square, done by Jannett Smith Lockerbie McOuat and named for her father, Scottish immigrant George Murray Lockerbie, was between 1847 and 1850. The 1960s saw an immense effort to save the buildings within the district, becoming the first historic district in Indianapolis. Many of the buildings date from 1855 to 1930. James Whitcomb Riley, famed Hoosier poet, lived in the district for over two decades. He was known to give candy to local children on his regular walks.</p><br>
<h2>History of the district</h2><br>
<p>Lockerbie Square is the oldest intact residential neighborhood of Indianapolis. Lockerbie is located on the northeast side of Alexander Ralstons Plat of Indianapolis at the intersection of East Street and New York Street. The western border of the district is East Street, so named as it was the original eastern boundary of Indianapolis. The neighborhood is directly south of the Mass Ave Cultural District and north of the Cole-Noble District. At only.75 miles away from the Circle, Lockerbie Square was one of Indianapolis earliest walkable suburbs.</p><br>
<p>At one point, it was called Germantown, due to the numerous German immigrants living in the district starting in 1849.</p><br>
<p>The housing demand in the 1880s caused the Lockerbie District to prosper and grow.</p><br>
<p>After World War I, residents of means moved to northern Indianapolis. The neighborhood decayed until the restoration efforts of the 1960s and 1970s began. The newly founded Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana helped to restore the area, basing their renovations on the preservation techniques practiced at the German Village of Columbus, Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>Notable buildings</h2><br>
<p>Among the noted buildings are:</p><br>
<h2>Tours</h2><br>
<p>A walking tour designed by Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana and the Lockerbie Square People&#39;s Club takes visitors past twenty-five historic residences and five newer ones that, like the North Vermont Street Home, were designed to complement the existing structures.</p><br>
<p>San Francisco Plantation House is a historic plantation house at 2646 Louisiana Highway 44 in Garyville, St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana. Built in 1849–50, it is one of the most architecturally distinctive plantation houses in the American South. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974. It is now a museum and event facility.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The San Francisco Plantation House is located on the north bank of the Mississippi River, separated from the river by Louisiana Highway 44 and a levee. The house stands on about 8 acre of land, now surrounded by a farm of oil tanks. It is a 1-1/2 story structure, set on a full-height basement. The basement has a brick floor, reportedly 6 ft deep, with brick piers rising to support the main structure. Side-facing divided staircases lead to the main floor, which is sheltered on three sides by an ornate porch, supported by fluted columns with iron Corinthian capitals. It has deeply overhanging decorative cornice, which in profile gives the house a styling called "Steamboat Gothic". The house is topped by a dormered hip roof. The interior is also richly decorated, with paintings attributed to New Orleans artist Dominique Canova on ceiling and door panels.</p><br>
<p>The house is traditionally ascribed a construction date of 1849–50, and may include elements of an older building. It was built for Edmond Marmillion, and its name is alternatively said to derive either from the city of San Francisco, then celebrated as a destination for the California Gold Rush, or from a corruption of the French phrase "son saint-frusquin", meaning "the shirt off his back", an assessment of what it cost Marmillion to build the house.</p><br>
<p>The house has been restored to an 1850s appearance and is open for tours. It is also rented for special occasions.</p><br>
<p>Macajalar Bay is a deep water bay of the Bohol Sea, located north of the province of Misamis Oriental on Mindanao Island, in the southern part of the Philippines. Cagayan de Oro City, being the regional center of Northern Mindanao , is located in one of its deep-water harbors. Twelve of the municipalities of Misamis Oriental share a coastline with the bay.</p><br>
<h2>Environmental degradation</h2><br>
<p>Towards the end of the 1980s, the Northern Mindanao region experienced rapid economic growth due to a confluence of factors: infrastructure growth, in-migration due to rising conflict in other parts of Mindanao and increased speculative capital investments due to development plans for establishment of a new Cagayan de Oro-Iligan Industrial Corridor. With these, the environment and livelihoods of local or traditional farming and fishing communities came under massive threat and dis-location.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-1980s, Northern Mindanao emerged to become one of the three major growth centers in southern Philippines, with Cagayan de Oro City as its commercial and industrial hub. The coastal city of Cagayan de Oro, fronting Macajalar Bay, became a major industrial port and an entry point for new migrants and settlers. From a 3rd Class City in the 1970s, Cagayan de Oro&#39;s population burgeoned to nearly half of million by the late 1990s. But rapid economic growth also spawned increased land speculation, illegal logging, sea piracy, destructive fishing and mining practices, shipping and industrial pollution.</p><br>
<p>Today, the presence of many industrial projects in and around Cagayan de Oro City, continue to spew large amount of pollutants into the bay.</p><br>
<p>The Pontalba Buildings form two sides of Jackson Square in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana. They are matching red-brick, one-block-long, four‑story buildings built in the late 1840s by the Baroness Micaela Almonester Pontalba. The ground floors house shops and restaurants; and the upper floors are apartments which, reputedly, are the oldest continuously-rented such apartments in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>Baroness Pontalba, an accomplished businesswoman, invested in real estate, purchasing the land on the upriver and downriver sides of the Place d’Armes. She constructed two Parisian-style row house buildings in the 1840s, at a cost of over $300,000. The buildings include the first recorded instance in the city of the use of iron railings, now a prominent feature of the city&#39;s residential architecture.</p><br>
<p>The building fronting Rue St. Peter, upriver from Jackson Square, is the upper Pontalba. The building on the other side, fronting Rue St. Ann, is the lower Pontalba Building.</p><br>
<p>Baroness Pontalba died in France in 1874, and the Pontalba family retained ownership of the buildings until the 1920s; but they did not take an interest in the townhouses, so they fell into disrepair. The heirs sold the lower building to local philanthropist William Ratcliffe Irby, who in turn bequeathed the property to the Louisiana State Museum. Local civic leaders acquired the upper building, which they sold to a foundation in 1930, the Pontalba Building Museum Association. The foundation turned the upper building over to the City of New Orleans, which has owned it since the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>According to Christina Vella, historian of modern Europe, the Pontalba Buildings were not the first apartment buildings in the present-day USA, as is commonly believed. They were originally built as row houses, not rental apartments. The row houses were turned into apartments during the 1930s renovations (during the Great Depression).</p><br>
<p>In the short story "Hidden Gardens," Truman Capote describes them as "...the oldest, in some ways most somberly elegant, apartment houses in America, the Pontalba Buildings."</p><br>
<p>They were declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974 for their early and distinctive architecture.</p><br>
<p>St. Mary&#39;s Assumption Church is a National Historic Landmark church at Constance and Josephine Streets in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA The church was completed in 1860, built for the swelling German Catholic immigrant population in the Lower Garden District section of the city . Both churches are extremely beautiful and ornate.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St. Marys Assumption is home to a shrine and museum for Blessed Francis Xavier Seelos, a German priest who came to the United States to minister to German-speaking immigrants. Fr. Seelos died while serving as the pastor at St. Marys Assumption: after visiting and caring for the victims of yellow fever, he succumbed to the disease himself in 1867. In recognition of his virtuous life, Fr. Seelos was beatified by the Roman Catholic Church in 2000.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974, significant as a rare and elaborate example German Baroque Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>In 1965, the church was heavily damaged by Hurricane Betsy, which resulted in the church being temporarily closed, and almost resulted in the church being demolished. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused heavy rain and wind damage, and water infiltration damaged interior plaster and ceiling, according to the National Park Service.</p><br>
<p>Best-selling novelist Anne Rice renewed her marriage vows at St. Marys Assumption with her husband Stan. In addition, Anne Rice included the church in her fictional work. For example, in The Witching Hour, two of the main characters, Rowan and Michael, were married at St. Marys Assumption. Also, in Blackwood Farm, the church is the setting of Aunt Queens funeral. In 2005, Rice added text and pictures on her website that encouraged donations to St. Marys Assumption to help repair the damage caused by Hurricane Katrina.</p><br>
